Hydraulic air-pump



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HYDRAULIC AIR PUMP.

No. 504,097. Patented Aug. 29, 1893.

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EDWARD H. WEATHERHEAD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

HYDRAULIC AIR-PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part ofA Letters Patent No. 504,097, dated August 29, 1893. Application led October 22, 1890. Serial No. 368,938. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern: Be it known that I, EDWARD H. WEATHER- HEAD, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovemeutsinHydraulicAir-Pumps; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact' description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to hydraulic air pumps of the variety in which hydraulic pressure is automatically controlled to compress air or to force the same under pressure into a receptacle or chamber, and to this end the invention consists in the construction shown and described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing I show a central longitudinal sectional view of my new construction of pumps, the same being broken out transversely at two places to bring the drawing on a large scale within the limits of the sheet, and shortening the entire structure to about half its proper length.

This invention is an improvement on the patent to E. H. Weatherhead, No. 437,806,

' dated October 7, 1890, in which the valve mechanism herein shown is covered by claims, and I do not therefore lay claim here to said mechanism in itself. But in one of the forms of pump shown in said patent a plunger is employed in the compression cylinder,.and it being desirable to avoid the use of this plunger by reason chiefly of its weight, I have made a construction in which the plunger is omitted and a piston under hydraulic pressure serves to perform the same function. This has necessitated a partial reorganization of the operating mechanism as hereinafter described and claimed. 0

A represents the main casing, inclosing the lower piston B, and the 'main valve C, and having an inductionport a, and an eduction port a. It will be understood that a constant and equal pressure of water is maintained throughithe port ot', which is connected with the water main of the city, or some other source of supply under the necessary head or pressure. The valve G works 1n a chamber D, which communicates at its top directly and outlet passages d, about its lower portion. That is, these passages serve to let the fluid into the cylinder above when the valve C is in the position seen in full lines, and to exhaust it therefrom when the valve is down below the same, as seen in dotted lines, the way being then clear for the iiuid behind the said valve in said cylinder to escape through the exhaust port a'. The piston B and valve C are rigidly connected, and in the connections are openings c, through which, and the tube dE and the openings e therein, a fluid passage is provided to the chamber beneath the piston B to raisethe said piston. Normally the piston B; having equal pressure on both sides, will be balanced, and then the pressure upward on the valve C will overcome the balance and the two parts will rise together. This will open the passages d, as shown in the drawing, when the pressure iuid is free to enter the air compression cylinder F beneath the piston G therein.

It will be understood here that the purpose of the mechanism hereinbefore described is to utilize the same through hydraulic press` ure for the purpose of automatically compressing and forcing air, and the air chamber H in'which this occurs is in the cylinder above the piston G. This chamber has an air inlet f and an outlet f and when the piston G descends, the said chamber lls with air through port f, and when it ascends the air is forced outthrough port f. The piston G is packed duid tight so that no water can pass i-nto'the air chamber H upon its opposite side.

K represents an inier fluid pressure cylinder, shown here as supported on the head of the valve chamber D, and of vsuch -diameter as to leave a free iiuid space between it and the outer cylinder E. A piston L, in the cylinder K is connected by a tube M with the upper piston G, and the tubeMand cylinder K are about equal in length, so that the piston G, will have sufficient movement to do the Work for which it is designed. The tube M is closed at its upper end, and passes through a fluid packing in the head of cylinder K, while .at its lower end it has an opening for the rod N which connects with' the valve tube E, and serves to operate the same. The rod N has a head n, in the tube M adaptedto be With the exhaust port a', and has duid inlet IOO engaged by the disk O, connected with piston L, so that when the said piston rises, the` said disk will engage head n, and raise the valve tube E until its ports e, will come above the valve C and thus form an open passage way between the exhaust port a', and the fluid chamber beneath piston B, whereby said chamber can be discharged and the piston B with its valve C descend. This descent will continue until the valve C drops below ports d, when the fluid in chamber or cylinderF will exhaust 4through said ports ol and the exhaust opening d. When this part of the operation is completed the piston G will have come down far enough to bear the rod N and its tube E so far downward that the ports e, in tube E will come into communication with the normal fluid pressure through ports c, and thus the pressure upon piston B and valve C will be reversed and these parts willrise so as to open ports d again for the inflow of water as before, and as seen in full lines in the drawing.

In the foregoing operation the pistonL performs an important office. Thus at the left of the figure is shown a tube Pextending between an opening in the top side of cylinder K and the channel P, which opens intothe iiuid inlet passage a, while about the bottom of cylinder K, beneath pistonA L, are a series of openings 7c. A constant fluid pressure is thus maintained through tube Pabove piston L, while the pressure beneath said piston is intermittentaccordin g to the position of' valve C with respect to ports d. Hence when the fluidexhausts beneath pistons G and L, the pressure behind piston L through tube P will force the said piston and the connectedpiston G downward. Then when the downward limits of these parts and the tube E have been reached, the actionwill be reversed and an equilibrium of pressure on piston L established by pressure from below 'through holes 7c. Meantime the full volume of' pressurewill be exerted against piston G and the air in chamber I-I forcibly expelled.

To understand the operation of the pump it should be remembered that there is a continuous fluid pressure throughthe induction pressure enters into the chamber outside of said valve chamber through the openings d, whence it passes into the middle piston chamber belowT the piston L through the openings 7s and up to the underside of' the piston G, and also through openings c and c and tube E into the chamber beneath piston B. Thisv causes the pistons L and G to rise, the piston L beingV balanced by the equal pressure of the water upon both sides, and the upward pressure of the two pistons L and G being effected by the pressure of the water` against the bottom of piston G. The said pistons having gone to their proper limit, they draw the rod .y valve passes beneath the ports CZ.

N upward so as to bring the openings e above the valve packing and imposition for the fluid to discharge above said packing through said openings e and out of the eduction port a. This causes the water beneath the piston B to be dischargedth roughthe tube E and the said openings e, whereupon the piston B and the valve C connected therewith descend until the Vhen this is done theinflow of the water is cut olf andthe exhaust from beneath the upper pistons is established through said openings d and the eduction port a. As this exhaust continues pressure upon the lower piston L is exerted through passage P and promotes the descent of those pistons and the discharge of the water ibeneath them, andthis continues until they have reached the lower. limit of their. stroke,

when the` rod` N and the` tube E connected therewithare carried downsay to the position Vshown in the drawing, which cuts off discharge through the said` tube E frombeneath the piston B.

The operation` of the pumpis automatic, and the discharge and.` inlet of the fluids is controlled by the valve C and the tube.E

when they have moved to` their. properpositions as herein described.

The piston B is a governingpistonfor valve C, and having the pressureV from` the .i main constantly upon it, it dischargesA the V'aten` through the tube E andopenings ceu ndersaidv pressure. rllhe greaterarea of thepiston B as compared with the area of valve C causes piston B to overcome this resistance and to4 draw the valve O down at thesame time.`

Havingthus described my invention, what I claimas new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In ahydraulic airpump, the pump `casing and the valve andpiston.` to control theinlet andoutletof the motive fluid, in combination with two cylinders `one withinthe `other having each an open. fluid` connectionwith the pump casing, and connected` pistons in said cylinders, substantially as described,

2. A main casing.. having fluid channels through the same and valve mechanism; in the casing to control the inflow and: the out` flow of fluid, an outercylinder open. at its bottom into saidcasingand anlinnercylin'der open at its` bottomintothewater channel'of saidA outer cylinder, and a pair ofrigidly connected pistons working in said cylinders, one in each, substantially as described. y

3. The main casingicontaining valve and piston chambers and inlet and outlet ports, an outer. water and air` cylinder open, at :its bottom for the passage of fluid from the main It it stood alone` this pistomwould Irc casing and an inner Water cylinder over the valve chamber, in combination with a connected valve and piston in the main casing, and connected pistons` in the outer and inner cylinders, and a valve tube, substantially as described.

4. The main casing and a cylinder fixed thereon and open at its bottom into the casing, an inner cylinder having a water space between it and the outer cylinder, and a water channel extending from the main inlet to the upper portion of the inner cylinders, in combination with a valve and piston in the main casing, connected pistons in the inner and outer cylinders, and an auxiliary valve actuated by said pistons, substantially as described.

5. The main casing provided With valve and piston chambers and fluid inlet and outlet ports and passages, and a Valve and piston in said casing, in combination with an outer cylinder having air inlet and outlet passages at its top and opening at its bottom into the main casing, an inner fluid cylinder and fiuid openings at its lower end and a constant fluid pressure channel leading into its upper end,

a pair of connected pistons in said cylinders and the valve stem connected With said pistons, substantially as described.

6. In a hydraulic air pump, the combination with a main cylinder provided with air and water inlets and outlets, and a piston reciprocating therein with air and Water respectively on opposite sides thereof, of a hydraulic returning cylinder and piston Within the lnain cylinder, the pistons being connected, all substantially as described.

7. In a hydraulic air pump, the combination of a main cylinder having air inlets and outlets in one end and Wat-er inlets and outlets in the other end, a main piston separating the air and Water in said cylinder, a hydraulic returning cylinder Within the main cylinder and having a piston connected to the main piston, and a valve mechanism controlling the inlet and outlet of Water in the cylinder, substantially as described. l

Witness my hand to the foregoing specilication this ltth day of October, 1890.

EDWARD H. WEATHERHEAD. 

